Understanding Breast Cancer Screening and Early Detection

Breast cancer screening is an important part of preventive care and can help detect breast cancer before it causes symptoms. Yet questions about when to begin screening, how often to have a mammogram and what happens after an abnormal result persist. Understanding your screening options can help you make informed decisions about your breast health.

“For women at average risk, mammography remains a key tool for detecting breast cancer early,” said Sarah Joseph, M.D., a hematologist-oncologist with the Broward Health Physician Group. “Women with a family history or other risk factors may need a different screening plan, so it is important to discuss individual risk with a healthcare provider.”

A personalized screening plan can help determine whether you may benefit from starting earlier, screening more often or using additional imaging.

Mammograms and Early Detection

A mammogram is an X-ray image of the breast used to look for changes that may indicate breast cancer. Mammograms can detect abnormalities that may not be visible or noticeable during a physical examination, including small masses and calcifications.

“Screening recommendations can vary based on age, personal and family history, breast density and other risk factors,” said Dr. Joseph. “For women with an increased risk of breast cancer, additional screening may be recommended such as MRI or ultrasound, depending on individual circumstances.”

Newer imaging technologies, including 3D mammography, can also provide detailed images of breast tissue and may be appropriate for some women based on their individual screening needs.

Clinical Breast Exams

While mammography is an important tool for breast cancer screening, it is not the only part of a breast health assessment. During a clinical breast exam, a healthcare professional uses their hands to check the breasts and surrounding areas for lumps or other changes. While a clinical exam does not replace a mammogram or diagnose cancer, it can help identify changes that may require further evaluation.

If a concerning finding is identified through an exam or mammogram, additional imaging or a biopsy may be recommended.

The Rise of Precision Medicine

Precision medicine, including genetic and molecular testing, can provide information about the characteristics of a tumor and help physicians determine which therapies may be appropriate. Genetic testing can also identify inherited mutations that may affect a patient’s risk or treatment options.

“Molecular information can help us determine which therapies may be appropriate. In breast cancer care, targeted treatments such as therapies directed at HER2, CDK4/6 inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates have expanded the treatment landscape,” said Dr. Joseph. “These advances are helping us tailor treatment to the biology of an individual patient.”

Addressing Common Mammogram Concerns

Some women postpone mammograms because they expect the test to be painful or worry about radiation exposure. A mammogram involves brief compression of the breast, which can cause pressure or discomfort; however, the imaging itself is quick.

“The amount of radiation used is low, and the benefits and risks of screening should be discussed with a healthcare provider based on individual circumstances,” said Dr. Joseph.

An abnormal mammogram also does not necessarily mean that a woman has cancer. Additional imaging or other testing may be needed to better understand a finding. Keeping up with recommended follow-up appointments is an important part of the screening process.

Making Screening More Accessible

In honor of Breast Cancer Awareness Month, Broward Health is offering two programs throughout October.

From Oct. 1-31, Broward Health’s MammoThon 2026 will offer 3D screening mammograms for $75 to self-pay, uninsured or underinsured women. No prescription or referral is required. Extended hours and weekend appointments will be available at Broward Health hospital locations across Broward County.

Broward Health is also partnering with the Florida Department of Health in Broward County on Beating Cancer Together, which will offer free mammograms to qualifying women on select dates throughout October. Women may qualify if they are ages 40-64, have little or no health insurance, earn at or below 200% of the federal poverty level and reside in Broward County. Women diagnosed with breast cancer through the program may also qualify for free treatment services.

Breast cancer remains one of the most common cancers among women in the United States. Regular screening can help identify breast cancer at an earlier stage, when treatment may be more successful. If you are due for a mammogram, talk with your healthcare provider about the screening schedule that is right for you.

To learn more about Broward Health’s October screening programs, visit BrowardHealth.org/Mammo.