Cancer Testing and Diagnosis

If an exam or diagnostic test identifies an area of concern, your doctor may remove a small sample of tissue or fluid so it can be examined for cancer cells. This procedure is called a biopsy.

A biopsy is often used to confirm whether cancer is present and can provide important information about the type of cancer.

There are different ways to perform a biopsy depending on the area being examined. Some biopsies use a needle to collect tissue or fluid, while others may be performed during another procedure. Depending on the type of biopsy, you may receive local anesthesia and be able to go home the same day.

Imaging tests create detailed pictures of organs, bones and tissues inside your body. Tests such as CT scans, MRI scans, PET scans, ultrasounds, mammograms and X-rays can help doctors identify areas of concern, evaluate abnormal findings and determine whether cancer has spread.

Your imaging results may be reviewed as part of your overall diagnosis and treatment planning. If you are diagnosed with cancer, you may also have imaging tests during or after treatment to help your care team monitor your response.

Endoscopic procedures use a thin, flexible tube with a camera to examine areas inside the body. These procedures can help doctors look for abnormal tissue or other changes that may be signs of cancer.

If an area of concern is found, your doctor may be able to collect a tissue sample for a biopsy during the same procedure.

Common endoscopic procedures include:

• Endoscopy
• Colonoscopy
• Laparoscopy